The Black Of The Super Bowl - 905 Words

Every year the Super Bowl is one of the most watched televised events. 2016 was no different according to Frank Palotta and Brian Stelter of CNN money, with an average of 111.9 million viewers and 115.5 million tuning in for the half time show headlining Coldplay while featuring Beyoncà © and Bruno Mars. Beyoncà © made her time on a stage count, spreading the message of the black lives matter movement. This was made clear in the iconic Black Panther berets worn by her background dancers, the dancing in an X formation in homage to Malcom X, and in raising a fist in the black power salute. This was met with a flurry of media sources calling out her performance as racist, as well as many defending this controversial performance as empowering. Beyoncà © is part of a movement of African Americans that are refusing the label society has placed on them and are creating a new representation for their race. The Black Panthers were a group that existed from 1966 to 1982 to combat police bru tality and empower African Americans. They did this through promotion and aiding in armed resistance. In their beginnings it was not uncommonly done through violent methods. Throughout the early seventies the group created a new ideology towards their resistance, opting for a less radical and violent approach. This movement did great things in advancing equality for African Americans, but it also created a negative image of black freedom fighters. The violence they had used had left a bad taste in theShow MoreRelatedThe Super Bowl- Human Trafficking1301 Words   |  6 Pagescountries are being kidnapped, bought and sold against their will, which are odious crimes in the 21st century. Therefore, Abolishing justice in the 21st century (A21) organization made a campaign poster â€Å"The Super Bowl- Human Trafficking† contains calculated information that The Super Bowl is known as the largest human trafficking incident in the United States. The notice contains an extemporaneous photo of a woman who runs through a tunnel towards the light. A21 organization strongly believes thereRead MoreA Reflection Paper On Uefa Champions League1112 Words   |  5 PagesJuventus from the Italian Seria A. On the other hand, the Super Bowl is the yearly championship game of the National Football League (NFL). It signifies that the regular season has ended and culminates in the award of the Super Bowl trophy. Both events bear several similarities as well as differences. The paper analyzes the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final and compares it to the Super Bowl. Both the UEFA Champions League and Super Bowl in the United States are big sporting events both nationallyRead MoreSports in America: Professional Football1056 Words   |  4 Pageswon a huge gamble (Server). He used this money to come up with a new football franchise. Nate LeBoutillier, author of Pittsburgh Steelers: Super Bowl Champions, states in his book that in 1933 Pittsburgh’s football team was created and named the Pirates (LeBoutillier 8). The jerseys of the new team were simply black and yellow. It was a yellow shirt with black stripes and had on it the horizon of the Pittsburgh city. Matt Loede wrote in his book, 100 Things Steelers Fans Should Know Do Before TheyRead MoreThe American Influences On Canada1214 Words   |  5 Pageschampionship game known as the Super Bowl, which is watched by many Americans. This American championship game is also popularly watched in Canada. According to statistics released by the National Football League and the Canadian Telev ision Network, in 2015 more Canadians than Americans, on a per capita basis, watched the Super Bowl. These statistics showed that fifty-five percent of all Canadians, versus only fifty-one percent of all Americans, had watched part of the 2015 Super Bowl game telecast.1 EvenRead MoreUse of Cultural Reinforcement in Advertising Essay942 Words   |  4 Pages The Super Bowl, America’s most viewed telecast. But why do people watch the Super Bowl? Who are these people watching the Super Bowl? And what makes the Super Bowl unique when compared to other events being telecast on national television? Is it the because we enjoy watching professional athletes collide with one another on a major stage for the entire world population to observe, or is it how a major company such as Nike is willing to spend millions of dollars for an entertaining,Read MoreA Description of the History of the NFL Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst ever NFL draft was held in 1936. The first televised NFL game was on November 22nd, 1939 in a game between the Philadelphia Eagles and the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Dodgers won 23-14. It was in this time that the NFL became segregated. There were no black NFL players from 1933 to 1945. The main advocate for this was George Preston Marshall, the owner of the Boston Redskins. Marshall implemented an all-white rule to please the southern fan, and even after the NFL’s color barrier was broken in 1950s,Read MoreAn Analysis Of The Denver Broncos 1516 Words   |  7 Pagesteams that look poised to make a run to Super Bowl 52 in Minneapolis. 5. Denver Broncos Starting our countdown, we have the Denver Broncos. After a narrow 24-21 victory over the Los Angeles Chargers in Week 1, the Broncos welcomed the Dallas Cowboys to Mile High in Week 2 and shocked the football world with a 42-17 thrashing of the NFC East favorites. After one of last weekend’s most anticipated games, Denver has suddenly reemerged as a true Super Bowl contender. The defense looked elite lastRead MoreEssay on Goal and Targeted Marking in Super Bowl Budweiser Ad511 Words   |  3 PagesFor me among all the Super Bowl Ads, 2014, the most memorable and effective one was the Budweiser’s, â€Å"Puppy love† ad. It was a heartwarming story to see an adorable puppy’s determination to hang out and be friends with his favorite famous Budweiser Clydesdale horse. This commercial tells us a remarkable story of love/bond between Labrador retriever puppy and a Clydesdale horse. First there were the majestic beautiful horses on a horse ranch, and then there was this adorable playful Labrador retrieverRead MoreExpansion Of The Nfl Generations1293 Words   |  6 Pagescatch the game. Unlike in the past, there is a huge difference how the movie has improved yet more. The NFL games today have more camera angles and closer experience to catch the game. Just imaging and compared how older generations saw the games on black and white tv sets? Besides, the NFL games are now watching in high definition. There are also now NFL games that can be watched in 3-Dimisional. Unlike basic cable games, the 3-D games change the television experience, they make you feel like you areRead MoreEssay On Sports Sport1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe NBA has been gaining a ton of attention with its soap opera like off-season. Im here to remind folks which sports runs king in America as Im excited for the upcoming season. A lot has happened since the Patriots Super Bowl, as teams have been shaping their roster to establish themselves in the league. Many storylines are to be looked at as its hard to choose which ones are the most interesting. I mean what will happen with Goff for the Rams? Will the Raiders finally take that next step as

Book Review Economy and State a Sociological Perspective...

Book Review: Economy and State: A Sociological Perspective Amanda Oha Liberty University Amanda Oha PPOG 502 Dr. Stewart 08/9/13 Book Review 2 Economy and State: A Sociological Perspective In the book, Economy and State, authors try to connect reader with the inner workings the state and it’s relation to the economy. Unlike most authors, Bandeji and Sowers do not argue for minimal government intervention in economic affairs, but they discuss the relationship of the state and the economy. They argue that the state and the economy forged many types of relationships, which may end in different results. Bandeji and Sowers started to explain this relationship between state and economy in two†¦show more content†¦The state gets involved to prevent economic crisis. Social rights state- the state focuses on the role of protection of its citizens and its social rights. Protectionist state- the state acts in a protective manner Socialist state- It is a mixed between a social rights and protectionist state. In this type of state it is a middle stage, where the government helps prevent the injustice of capitalism. When it comes to the notion of state embeddedness, Bandelji and Sowers posed five questions: How does the state shape the economy? What are the different kinds of state involvement in the economy? What combination of conditions produces a state parasitically feeds on the economy, predatory state? What combination promotes economic growth as a result of development state actions? What combinations help reduce poverty and inequality that help encourage strong welfare? This based upon these two relationships , the Sowers and Bandeji, brings into play how the relationship of state and economy plays into the economic concepts of property and money. The authors bring into play the role of labor and firms as well as development, globalization, and internationalism, which can also shape and have an effect on the relationship between state and economy. It also brings six different areas of interactions. The first is how the state interacts when it comes to property and property rights. The next oneShow MoreRelatedWar : What Is It Good For?1386 Words   |  6 PagesSean Younce Professor Pokas Sociology 101 24 Jun 2015 War: What is it Good for? The three major sociological perspectives have conflicting viewpoints about warfare. The three sociological perspectives provide different interpretations of war. The Structural Functionalists focus on how war unites different peoples as they must work together to survive, as well as how war in general protect the freedom of the masses. Conflict Theorists focus on how militarism runs the world, from creating warRead More Sociology of Racial and Cultural Groups Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThree sociological perspectives used in the study of minorities are: Structural functionalism, symbolic interactionalism and conflict theory. These perspectives offer theoretical paradigms for explaining how society influences people, taking into account the social factors that impact on human behavior. However, different theories, ideas, and prejudices can influence a sociologists conclusions. Each of these theories has a contribution to make with a distinct focus. Functional theoryRead MoreWhat Did C. Wright Mills Mean by the â€Å"Sociological Imagination†?2277 Words   |  10 PagesWhat did C. Wright Mills mean by the â€Å"sociological imagination†? C. Wright Mills has been defined by some as the pioneer of the new radical sociology that emerged in the 1950s, in which his book, The Sociological Imagination (1959), has played a crucial role (Restivo 1991, p.61). This essay will attempt to explain what the â€Å"sociological imagination† is, and why it has been important in the development of sociology over the last fifty to sixty years. In order to do this, it will firstly be essentialRead MoreEssay about Sociology1492 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican sociology is fundamentally analytical and empirical; it proposes to examine the way of life of individuals in the societies amp;#8230; prefers to explain institutions and structures in terms of the behavior of individuals and the goals, mental states, and motives which determine the behavior of members of various social groups (pg.5,Aron).; A specialization within Sociology is social stratification. This segment of sociology attempts to deal with the structures of any given society and onesRead MoreInfluence Of Cultural Values On Advertising Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pages Influence of Cultural Values in Advertising Name: Institution: Introduction Commercial products of multinational companies are being marketed to people from different cultures owing to an increased growth in the world economy (Lin, 2012). Samli (1995) states that in most cases, consumer attitudes are largely driven by the framework of their culture. Mooji points out that global marketing strategies are not culture-free and should not be because its influence on consumer behavior is profoundRead MoreThe Social Outcomes Of Digital Information Revolution Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough, the digital information revolution is seen as the world’s biggest innovation, it has brought with itself positive and negatives outcomes. It has helped society but it has also damaged it. Within the context of the social theories and perspective studied in class, the outcomes of the digital information revolution support the social theories of greatest philosophers, and sociologists of all times: Karl Marx, Marx Weber and Georg Simmel. The social scientist, historian, philosopher and revolutionaryRead MoreWhy Did the Warsaw Pact Intervene in Czechoslovakia in 1968 but Not in Poland in 1980?1951 Words   |  8 Pagesprogramme focused on the â€Å"relaxation of central control over the economy, virtual abolition of censorship, religious reforms and an increase in the independence of parliament†. With the introduction of these liberal reforms the Soviet Union began to feel that the country was distancing itself from the ideological values of communism, and feared that the liberal reforms would pose a spill over effect onto other Eastern European states bound within the Warsaw Pact. However Dubcek himself was unawareRead MoreCorruption in Bangladesh4749 Words   |  19 PagesTable of contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2. Importance of this study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 3. Literature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 4. Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 5. Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 6. Elimination†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 7. Impact†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 8. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 9. Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..23 Introduction Corruption is a topic of interest and concern in academic circles, in the media, among people of different professions, within the civilRead MoreSignificance of Shays Rebellion1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe Significance of Shays’s Rebellion Pakanun Ou-Udomying (Ploi) United States History Mr. Coulombe Kent School December 10, 2012 The outrageous American Revolution War left a lot of scars and bruises that had major affects on the country. On August 29, 1786 in Massachusetts, a rebellion broke out as one of the results that came after the war. This rebellion was led by a veteran from the American Revolutionary War, Daniel Shays, which was why this significant rebellion is called Shays’sRead MoreResearch Proposal: Depression in Children Adolescence - A Cause for Concern?3274 Words   |  14 Pagesof this social concern is also of great value to the research of this study as I intend on finding out why are our children and adolescents depressed? When carrying out research I found many books on the treatment for depression, with a lack about meanings behind it. I intend on investigating the sociological aspects concerned with depression in children and adolescent so that society can begin to understand more of the reality of its existence. Western societys ideas about childhood and child rearing

Methods of Interrogation Pows Free Essays

METHODS OF INTERROGATION OF A PRISONER OF WAR Introduction 1. A ‘Prisoner of War’ is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The treatment of prisoners has always been matter of debate in the world and many declarations and resolutions have been made in this regard including Geneva Convention of 1949. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods of Interrogation Pows or any similar topic only for you Order Now War is a time of confusion and while many suffer from it, there are many who benefit in the fog of it. The military personnel, whenever caught, have to be treated as PsOW and they have certain rights and privileges. The enemy always utilizes this opportunity to the fullest and employs certain obvious and hidden methods to extract information from the PsOW. Rights of a POW 2. The POW can only be interrogated by following the rules and regulations laid down in the Article (v) of Geneva Convention of 1949. A prisoner of war needs only to give his name, number and rank and must remain silent on all other matters and resist all enemy efforts to extract information from him. In case his rights are violated, the violators are subject to the provisions of international law and they may be tried by the international criminal court. Methods of Interrogation 3. A number of interrogation techniques have been used of approved for use. They include standard Army methods in compliance with the Third Geneva Convention, as well as other approaches which are either questionable or clearly exceed the strictures protecting POWs. Several of the latter may also violate other limitations outside the scope of human imagination. 4. Numerous devices may be effectively employed by the interrogator to establish mental contact or rapport with POW. At the outset it should be emphasized that the objective of an interrogation is seldom, if ever, to obtain an admission or a confession. The subject is interrogated for accurate and reliable information. Several common methods interrogation which are being used for the purpose by interrogators are briefly discussed below. (a)Show of Knowledge or â€Å"We know all†. In this method, the interrogator familiarizes himself with all available data on the POW and his unit or whatever subject is being explored. He asks questions to which he already has the answers and scornfully answers them himself when the POW hesitates. He is striving to convince the POW that he already knows all the POW does so that resistance is wasted effort. When the prisoner starts giving correct information and answers freely, a few â€Å"mystery† questions can be slipped in. Dummy questions should still be used from time to time to test the POW, to conceal from him the fact that he is giving new information, and to prevent him from realizing that he is â€Å"spilling the beans†. (b)Stool Pigeons. Enemies infiltrate their own men in the POW camps under the garb of PsOW from other units or services. They make PsOW discuss various aspects of service amongst themselves and extract information. (c)Consolation. Innocent looking folks like servants, guards, sweepers try to console the PsOW offer small favour and then make efforts to get the required information. (d)Bugging. The camps and residences etc of PsOW are bugged and their conversation taped. (e)Favours. Money and other Favours are offered and assurances given that no damage will be done to the individual, if he cooperates. (f)Recruitment. A few PsOW are recruited and then utilized for collection of information from other PsOW. (g)Direct approach. In this method the interrogator seemingly â€Å"lays the cards on the table†, apparently makes no attempt to hide the purpose of the questioning. This approach should be used only in cases where the interrogator assumes or knows that the person interrogated will not refuse to give information. (h)Rapid fire questioning. This method consists of a rapidly delivered series of questions which keeps the POW constantly on the defensive and off balance thereby weakening resistance an/ or his determination to give evasive answers. When this approach is employed the POW often loses patience, becomes angry, offended, or confused, and begins to talk in self defense. (j)Emotional approach. This method consists of playing upon the emotions of a person in order to bring out the required information. When using this method, the interrogator creates an atmosphere of emotional confusion designed to reduce security consciousness. The emotional approach utilizes hate, revenge, fear, jealousy, sadness, pity, and similar emotions. It also exploits religious and patriotic feelings, sense of social duty, and other concepts based on emotional reactions. (k)Trickery. This method has an almost limitless number of variations. Its purpose is to cause the POW to divulge information without being aware of it, or without a conscious or willful choice in the matter. (l)Censoring. The mail of PsOW is censored. (m)Third Degree Methods. Third degree methods are used to break the PsOW. It is apparent from above that once captured as prisoner of war, the responsibility of a service person increases many folds and he must keep his mouth tightly shut to ensure that no information is leaked out. However, he must look normal and should not give impression of being in possession of full information. (n)Propaganda. The PsOW are given propaganda material to read, to hear from radio or from the TV to see to break them down and lower their spirits. This is done to bring their morale down to a certain level where they themselves will start giving information thinking their country might or already has lost the war. (p)Stupid interrogator. In this method the interrogator pretends to be a stupid individual with very little understanding of military or other matters. This device may have the desired effect of disarming the person interrogated. The POW is required to â€Å"explain† everything (Even inconsequential items) because the interrogator is so â€Å"stupid. † 5. Variations. Any of the usual methods may be varied in many ways. Here are some variations which might fit into any of the categories of the methods listed in Para 4above. (a)Sympathy. (b)Sternness. (c)Pride and ego. (d)National pride. (e)Face saving. (f)Bluff. (g)Fear. (h)Drawing attention away from the real object. (j)Threat and rescue. Conclusion 6. There are many others; in fact, the variety of methods is limited only by the initiative, imagination, and ingenuity of the interrogator. The interrogation method should be tailored to suit each individual case, and may be combined with other methods to suit special requirements. How to cite Methods of Interrogation Pows, Papers

Aztec Sacrafice 12 Pg Paper Essay Research free essay sample

Aztec Sacrafice: 12 Pg. Paper Essay, Research Paper Aztec Sacrifice The Aztec s faith consisted of many Gods, including Uitzilopochtli ( the Sun God ) , Coyolxauhqui ( the Moon goddess ) , Tlaloc ( the rain God ) , and Quetzalcoatl ( discoverer of authorship and the calendar, who was besides associated with Resurrection ) ( AC ) . The Gods were most frequently fed captured soldiers or slaves through forfeit. One reported happening was that the priests would purchase babes and little kids for more particular forfeits, to Tlaloc, who was seemingly fond of the sound of shouting kids. When the Great Temple was built, it was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, and to honour him the Aztecs performed a sacrificial rite neer attempted before: mass forfeit. This would go the greatest forfeit of worlds in all of Mexico, and rather perchance the universe ( Frederiksen ) . They felt the demand to something as an offering to Huitzilopochtli, for the intent of him replying their supplications and besides to recover his regard. As an offering, they gave blood, which sustained life. These Acts of the Apostless of the Aztecs, every bit good as their fellow antediluvian civilisations, went down in history as some of the most bloodstained yet intriguing methods of worship of all time performed. An Aztec narrative told of two Gods who stepped frontward to offer themselves. The first was the chesty Tecuciztecatl ( Godhead of the conch shells ) , and the second was the modest Nanahuatzin ( intending purulent or pustuled one ) ( Leon-Portilla, 15 ) . The ritual called for the usage of fir tree acerate leafs for pulling blood, before they would each hold the opportunity to project themselves into a immense fire, merely to emerge as the Sun. However, Tecuciztecatl was content in merely offering up spinal columns made of coral, while Nanahuatzin bled himself abundantly with the acerate leafs, and offered up reliable fir subdivisions and crisp Agave atrovirens acerate leafs ( 15 ) . When the clip came to run into the fire, Tecuciztecatl was the first to travel. He made four efforts, but was excessively afraid. This resulted in him losing to chance to project himself into the fire. Following, Nanahuatzin closed his eyes and rushed into the fire while all the Gods gathered in Teotihu acan to watch. Tecuciztecatl so urgently hurled himself into the fire every bit good, but it was excessively late. As Nanahuatzin rose as the Sun, Tecuciztecatl rose as the picket Moon ( 15 ) . The Gods freely accepted decease, and they sacrificed themselves so the Sun would travel and life would be possible for humanity. One God, Quetzalcoatl bled himself over the castanetss of the dead, in order to reconstruct life on Earth, and to maintain clip divided into the twenty-four hours and dark ( 17 ) . The Gods were besides required to give themselves, so that the Sun would go on to travel across the sky. Quetzalcoatl performed the forfeits, cutting open the thorax of the Gods and taking their Black Marias for Tonatiuh. As a consequence, the Sun would presume its right way across the sky. Because the Gods performed these rites, the Aztecs believed they should make the same ( Smith, 208 ) . Human forfeit became really of import to the Aztec in the 15th century. For warriors, the ultimate award was to either be slain in conflict or to volunteer for forfeit in a major rite ( AC ) . For the less of import rites, captives would be used as victims. For the intent of avoiding any sort of cosmic catastrophe, the Aztec priests would give 1000s of victims. The priests were a sight themselves. They had long, unkempt hair, which was clotted with dried blood and shredded ears and genital organs. They were frequently painted black, and wore an ankle-length black or dark green robe ( Frederiksen ) . These robes could be decorated with human castanetss and skulls, their organic structures covered with burned powdery Scorpios and spiders ( Frederiksen ) . The Flower Wars took topographic point as a method of capturing victims for forfeit. By 1487 the usage was more established, the twelvemonth the Great Temple was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. To tag the juncture, twenty 1000 captives were sacrificed. The male monarchs of Tenochtitlan and Texcoco initiated the violent death, and the priests continued it for four yearss. The prisoners stood in four separate lines, which stretched for two stat mis throughout the streets of the metropolis ( Frederiksen ) . Some faiths looked on Aztec forfeit as action inspired by the Satan. However, the Aztecs merely saw it as the lone manner to avoid decease of the Sun, which would ensue in the decease of humanity. So they provided Huitzilopochtli with the critical energy enclosed in chalchiuhatl or the cherished liquid, besides know as blood ( Leon-Portilla, 17 ) . For the God Xipe Totec, who was associated with springtime, the perished captives would be flayed, and the winning warriors wore their tegu ments for a 20 twenty-four hours period ( Time-Life, 86 ) . Although human forfeit was of import to most Mesoamerican civilizations, its importance to them was nil compared to that of the Aztecs. The Aztecs even beheaded a quail each twenty-four hours to toast the lifting Sun ( 100 ) . One manner for Aztec merchandisers to turn out themselves, and to make a societal position for themselves was to first purchase an attractive slave. Following, they bathe the slave and frock him/her in beautiful dress ( 108 ) . After ask foring friends over, the slave would dance for the proprietor and his invitees. After dancing, the slave would be turned over to the priests, who would cut out the bosom and offer it up to the Gods. The remains of the slave would so be served to the proprietor and his invitees over cooked corn ( 108 ) . However, because after the forfeit the victim s limbs are considered Godhead, they were eaten with fear, ritual, and attention. The trunk were non as of import, and were hence treated with less regard, and were fed to the animate beings in the royal menagerie ( 108 ) . The Aztecs believed that warriors who died in conflict went directly to the Eastern Paradise where they would go attenders to the Sun ( 125 ) . Each forenoon, they would wait on the fields, and as the Sun rose, they would crush their wooden nines against their shields, before escorting the Sun to its zenith while dancing and singing. There, the adult females who had died in childbearing ( another sort of conflict ) would take over, and transported the Sun to the twenty-four hours s terminal ( 125 ) . Deaths of this step were equal to the of import sacrificial rites performed, utilizing voluntary warriors and Lords. The importance of the rite was frequently portrayed through the importance of the sacrificial victims being used. As stated before, it was an award for warriors to be slain in conflict, or to volunteer for a forfeit, but they were normally merely used in the more of import ceremonials. For the less of import, captives were by and large used ( AC ) . However, it was reported that some priests would frequently purchase babes and little kids for particular ceremonials to Tlaloc who was fond of the sound of shouting kids ( Frederiksen ) . The victims would go up the stairss of the pyramid have oning a traditional sacrificial mask ( AC ) . At the acme of this temple was the most common topographic point to execute a forfeit, although some could be performed inside ( Frederiksen ) . Four priests would keep each of the victim s weaponries and legs, while a 5th priest would, by one of many methods, cut unfastened the thorax of the victim, and rapidly take the bosom, sometimes still crushing ( Frederiksen ) . The steam lifting off the bosom would drift into the air as an offering to the divinities. Often times, the cadaver would so be placed on a nearby feast tabular array where the thenar of the custodies and the pess were considered an comestible daintiness. The remains of the organic structure were so by and large thrown into cavities of serpents and other animate beings ( Frederiksen ) . At the clip of the Spanish conquering, an estimated 50 thousand people were sacrificed each twelvemonth ( Frederiksen ) . The last twenty-four hours of the Aztec century a 52 twelvemonth rhythm was celebrated by a victim laid over an communion table while priests used a fire-board to light a fire on his chest Stuart, 65 ) . Once the fire was started, the victim s bosom was ripped out and thrown into the new fire Priests so tended to the fire until it had grown big plenty to be seen all over the Mexico Valley ( 65 ) . Following, smugglers from all the different temples would come to transport a torch lit by the new fire to their ain, local temples ( Frederiksen ) . This ceremonial was performed non merely to welcome the new century, but besides to guarantee the metempsychosis of clip ( Stuart, 65 ) . Slaves were killed in forfeit when their proprietor died, in order to attach to him into the following universe. Ahuitzotl s decease resulted in the forfeit of two hundred of his slaves. They were dressed in beautiful robes and given small shackles of points for the journey to transport with them. Each of their Black Marias were torn out and project into the funeral pyre ( Davies, 224 ) . Besides, to honour the shade of a male monarch s predecessor, a annual norm of five 100 captives were thrown over a drop, in Dahomey. However, if a sovereign died that twelvemonth, the sacrificial figure raised to one 1000 ( 220 ) . Although efforts have been made to calculate out why mass forfeit was performed, they have merely lead to misconceptions. With so many people deceasing at one clip, this act really becomes a consecrated terrorist act ( 220 ) . Although other ancient imperiums besides chose to execute human forfeit, the Aztec treated their victims much better than the others. Some other civilisations both sacrificed and enslaved their victims, captivity frequently being worse destiny ( 220 ) . However, the victims of the Aztecs were treated with regard, every bit good as being offered a hope of fantastic and rich wagess in the following universe, which are non given to those to hold died natural deceases ( 220 ) . Although much of the exposure and drawings we see today are portraitures of the forfeit of work forces, adult females, excessively, were capable to give. During the autumn festival honouring female parent goddesses of turning corn ( the Aztec basic ) , adult females were beheaded while dancing in imitation of the goddesses ( Time-Life, 106 ) . Besides, one young person was chosen yearly to stand for Tezcatlipoca. He was so honored for the following twelvemonth, and treated as though he were a reincarnation of the God. He wore god-associated vesture, and a month prior to executing, four adult females portraying goddesses were presented to him ( 106 ) . For the following month he would bask their company, until his death-day would get, and he would go up the temple steps, interrupting a flute on each step as he went ( 106 ) . The priests of Aztec forfeit held really of import functions in society, and were honored, and feared. The Spanish chronicler Duran described them as have oning robes, and expecting the victim at the acme of the pyramid. Their faces were smeared black with carbon black, and they wore leather sets encircling their caputs. One adult male would transport with him a wooden yoke, carved in the form of a serpent ( 29 ) . Duran wrote, They seized the victims one by one, one by one pes, another by the other, one priest by one manus, and another by the other manus. The victim was thrown on his dorsum, upo n the pointed rock, where the wretch was grabbed by the 5th priest, who placed the yoke upon his pharynx. The high priest so opened the thorax and with astonishing speed tore out the bosom, rending it out with his ain custodies. Therefore steaming, the bosom was lifted toward the Sun, and the exhausts were offered to the Sun. The priest so turned toward the graven image and cast the bosom in its face. After the bosom had been extracted, the organic structure was allowed to turn over down the stairss of the pyramid, ( 29 ) . The Flowery Wars were conflicts fought merely for the intent of capturing captives for sacrificial rites. They were by and large fought between the Aztecs, along with confederations, ( the people of Tezcoco and the independent Nahua rules of Tlaxcala and Huexotzinco ) , and Tlacopan and Tacuba people ( Leon-Portilla, 19 ) . These conflicts provided a steady supply of captives or war to feed the Aztecs unceasing demand for sacrificial victims ( Time-Life, 100 ) . However, these wars were barely necessary when happening child-victims. A missive was written to Mr. Thomas H. Frederiksen by a Mr. Miguel Chavez, who provided some penetration on the happenings of kid forfeit in the antediluvian Aztec civilization. There are many theories about the manner kids were sacrificed by the Aztecs. However, they do cognize for certain that his pattern went on. The rite was performed at the Templo Mayor, and although many were found to hold been decapitated, anthropologists have reported that decease was likely inflicted by several lacerations on the cervix, otherwise known as throat-slitting ( Frederiksen ) . These lesions were given to the kids, doing them to shed blood white, or until they were dead. Other theories of methods used in child forfeit included taking apart, while either alive or dead, and the remotion of their Black Marias ( Frederiksen ) . The organic structures of some kids have been found buried. In one grave, two skeletons were found, seated with their weaponries and legs near to the organic structure. What was unusual was that the organic structures were complete except the absence of the custodies and pess ( Frederiksen ) . Was this, possibly, the consequence of an act of cannibalism? As mentioned before, precisely those organic structure parts were considered a daintiness. Another skeleton found showed grounds that the thighbone was cut merely over the articulatio genus. Mr. Chavez commented, it might be interesting to analyze that thighbone under a microscope to see if there are blood invasions on the bone tissue, because that could bespeak the presence of blood force per unit area at the minute of the amputation, and by extension, show if the male child had his leg amputated while still alive or one time he had died, ( Frederiksen ) . The garb worn by the sacrificed kids in ill-defined, although rock beads and leftovers of yarn were found at the burial site. Other than that, though nil was sound to demo if kids used in more common forfeits wore anything at all, with exclusion of the beads ( Frederiksen ) . Each spring, a kid of six or seven old ages olds was slain by the priest to the sound of many huntsmans horns, conch shells, and flutes, on Mount Tlaloc ( Stuart, 73 ) . The graven image of Tlaloc would be bathed in the blood of the sacrificed kid, by the high priest. If this was non plenty, so one or two more would be sacrificed as good. As this was go oning, a miss in Tenochtitlan was dressed in bluish ( stand foring the great lake ) . The other priests would canoe the miss into the center of a vortex where the miss s pharynx would be slit, and the blood allowed to flux into the H2O ( 73 ) . In the Valley of Tehuacan, human skeletons dating back to 5000 BC were found. Included in the remains were a 1000 urns, each incorporating a kid who had non died a natural decease ( Davies, 219 ) . The ages of the kids who were sacrificed ranged from three months to eight old ages old. After their decease, the priests would put a jade rock in their oral cavities to function as a bosom in the following universe, where they would go the god s comrades ( Stuart, 73 ) . Other than common entombment, non much else is known about eh manner kids s organic structures were treated after their decease. However, one thought is portrayed in a rock drawing in nearby Mexico, which shows two sacrificed kids hanging from a pole, inverted and tied at the pess to a kind of revolving device ( Frederiksen ) . Although the kids are normally cut at the pharynx, they are besides killed by remotion of the bosom, much like that of the grownups. What we know of the methods the Aztec s used in sacrificial rites is based on drawings and the histories of Spanish voyagers who witnessed the executings ( Frederiksen ) . Overall, there were, in general, three different basic types of sacrificial methods. Although different in some ways, each method trades with the cutting unfastened of the venters, and the remotion of the bosom. This is a brief overview of each technique, with illustrations shown in Appendix I on page 14. Midaxial thoracotomy provided a good, frontal entree to the human bosom. However, it took longer clip to execute, in comparing with other attacks ( Frederiksen ) . When performed, the tegument and flesh along the sternum, or breastbone, was cut with a rock knife, vertically to the axis of the organic structure. Following, a rock chisel and cock were used to fracture the breastbone, checking the rib coop apart, making an easier manner to divide the two halves of the thorax. This gave first-class entree to the bosom, every bit good as other internal variety meats ( Frederiksen ) . Transversal thoracotomy was a similar technique to the 1 used above, but instead than doing a bone break and cut vertically, the flesh was cut horizontally, and the ribs, lying in the same formation, were easy to make through ( Frederiksen ) . The cut was made between the 2nd and 3rd ribs, running across the sternum, and ended between the 2nd and 3rd ribs of the opposite side. This method besides gave great entree to the bosom, every bit good as exposing each of the pleural pits ( Frederiksen ) . This, in bend, caused both lungs to fall in, ensuing in the victim fainting, hence discontinuing its battles. The fainting allowed the priest to so cut the arterias and ligaments while the bosom was still crushing ( Frederiksen ) . One of the quicker methods used was the Intercostal attack. Although the bosom was non accessed every bit easy as with the other processs, it still provided a speedy decease, ideal for executing during mass forfeit ceremonials ( Frederiksen ) . A cut was made on the left side of the chest, between the 2nd and 3rd ribs, and ran along until the border of the sternum. The priest would so literally infix his manus into the victim s thorax, and rupture out the bosom ( Frederiksen ) . Although these techniques may look harsh and messy, when compared with the medical manual for bosom surgery, the processs of readying are really similar ( Frederiksen ) . The patient is placed on his dorsum, on a supine place, with his weaponries raised up over his caput, and a downward pull on the organic structure, doing the thorax to be forced into a hyper extended place. This stretching pulled the laceration apart, leting for an easy attack to internal organic structure parts ( Frederiksen ) . Although these were the most common methods, others were used every bit good. One included a cut made to the victim s tummy, rupturing out of the stop, and the film editing of the bosom ligament from the interior ( Frederiksen ) . Because the victim would literally eviscerate himself during the rite, this process was seldom used ( Frederiksen ) . Another signifier did non include the remotion of the bosom at all. Alternatively, a signifier named gladiatorial forfeit was used. A victim would be dressed in warrior s garb and given dummy arm would step out onto the battleground, and stand tethered to a big rock. Next, a group of Aztec warriors would contend the victim utilizing existent arms. Although it meant humiliation during the process, as the victim was practically lacerate apart, it was still considered an award to vie on the rock ( Frederiksen ) . This award extended throughout the full topic of forfeit for the Aztecs, and in a manner was their secret arm, or their strength. How ever, when aliens saw the Aztec processs, they made strong judgements based on what they saw. The Aztec people were the strongest people populating in this hemisphere. However, their imperium was no lucifer for the modern, foreign Spanish encroachers, lead by Hernando Cortes, in 1521. He and his work forces captured and destroyed the metropolis of Tenochtitlan, along with their Native Mexican Alliess ( Frederiksen ) . When the Spanish conquering took topographic point, the foreign voyagers came upon the Aztec civilisation, and were really surprised when they saw the ways the Aztecs worshipped their Gods. One traveller, Bernal Diaz, stated that the walls of the temple were splashed and encrusted with blood prostitute malodor was intolerable ( Frederiksen ) . Diaz wrote, In that little infinite, there were many devilish things to be seen, bugles and huntsmans horns and knives, and many Black Marias of Indians that they had burned in fuming their graven images, and everything was so clogged with blood, and at that place was so much of it, that I curse the whole of it, and as it stank like a abattoir we hastened to unclutter out of such a bad malodor and worse sight, ( Time-Life, 29 ) . Cortezs, upon witnessing the forfeits, besides made statements about what he saw. He wrote, they take many misss and male childs and even grownups, and in the presence of the graven images they open their thoraxs while they are still alive and take out their Black Marias and visceras and Burnss them before the graven images, offering the fume as forfeit. Some of us have seen this, and they say it is the most awful and atrocious thing they have of all time witnessed, ( 29 ) . The temples were described by other embassadors from foreign states as streaming with blood, which poured down the staircases and sides of the memorial, organizing immense pools on the white stucco paving ( Townsend, 100 ) . The Aztecs created a tough expression for themselves by executing forfeit so normally. Under the regulation of Ahuizotl, forfeit was transformed into a panic bring oning thought to any who witnessed it. A daze was brought upon any who observed the blood-covered temple and skull racks strung with 1000s of gory trophies. This leap in the strength and Gore of forfeit marked a turning point in the regulation of Ahuizotl, before the imperium of the Aztec s eventually came to an terminal ( 100 ) . Because of their strong beliefs and bravery to stand up to them, the Aztecs lived a long and abundant life-time. Their civilisation survived for decennaries. They created an image for themselves through their spiritual patterns. Their strength was non overlooked by the horror-stricken Spanish conquestors, but it was surpassed. Although their processs may hold seemed barbarous and evil, what is hard for many people to understand is the fact that sacrifices in the lives of the Aztecs was merely their manner of worshipping and honouring their Gods.